The link budget is the total of all losses and gains from the transmission of a radio wave. A wave is amplified or attenuated by the antenna. During the transmission of a signal between transmitter and receiver, data can be lost. The study of losses and gains is therefore important to calculate the reliability and […]
The cheapest price for NB-IoT in Germany is currently one Euro per year. For one Euro per year you get 50 MBytes Upload or Download. The price applies to GPRS, UMTS and shortly LTE-M. In contrast you get 140 messages with 12 bytes in the upload and 4 messages with 8 bytes in the download […]
The link budget (LB) describes the delta of the transmitted and received power at the receiver. If the Maximum Coupling Loss (MCL) is exceeded, reception is no longer possible. For NB-IoT this is 164 dB. At 164 dB LB, the number of frame repetitions is already high. 164 dB can only be achieved in stand-alone […]
The akorIoT Group has a development team with many years of experience in wireless data transmission which today this is termed “Wireless IoT”. The integration of antennas into enclosures is another area of expertise for the akorIoT Group; in addition to standard antennas such as solderable chip antennas or flex PCB antennas, customer-specific antennas are […]
akorIoT is a portmanteau word from “akor” and “IoT“. “Akor” is the ancient Celtic word for “open”. The goal of the akorIoT SensPRO was to create an open platform similar to the idea of a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC). As with a PLC the programmability, storage of the program in memory and the execution of […]
In order to save development and approval costs, the antenna, frequency bands, ground plane size and housing should be carefully designed at the beginning of development. If the company lacks in-house experience with radio, antennas and worldwide approval, we recommend consulting an external consultant. The following text is intended to make you think. I use […]
In the download links you will find the data sheets for the NB-IoT / LTE-M modules Quectel BG77 and BG95. The rough differences to BG96 have been highlighted in color. The fact that a BF77 requires an area of only 14 mm x 15 mm is not to be mentioned. I have marked that there […]
The simulation is taken from my IoT / M2M Cookbook. About 30 % of the book is about the integration of antennas into an enclosure. The antenna structure is explained in detail in the book and can be easily reproduced. The green to yellow marked area shows the radiated power from 0 dBi to 1.64 […]
If an RF signal is transmitted to an antenna, a part of the signal will be reflected. The return loss in the antenna data sheet indicates how much energy is reflected by the antenna. For mobile radio antennas, for LTE Cat-NB1, GSM, UMTS or LTE, a return loss of -6 dB at the band ends […]
The upper left graph illustrates the measurement of a filter with two ports at the Vector Network Analyser (VNA). Port 1 is feeding the device under test and is measuring the reflection. Port 2 is measuring the received energy. The lower right graph is showing a typical return loss measurement of an antenna. Has this […]
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