Another request for a custom PCB antenna for NB-IoT. Since we invested in NB-IoT early on, we can bring a lot of experience. Simply taking over a layout of an antenna for an unlicensed band like LoRaWAN (868 / 915 MHz) usually does not work. It may be sufficient for first tests but if the […]
Why now NB-IoT instead of LoRaWAN or Sigfox? There are hundreds of reasons for NB-IoT and hundreds against LoRaWAN and Sigfox. Below is a typical example. The potential customer already prefers NB-IoT and we can deliver NB-IoT with fallback to GSM. In Germany there is no Sigfox Indoor in my city. In the three neighbouring […]
We received a request for an NB-IoT device in a matchbox. It is of course not an actual matchbox but similar in size. Small NB-IoT devices with batteries operating in the frequency range from 600 MHz to 1000 MHz are the premium class of IoT devices. I don’t want to mention the question and the […]
The IoT M2M Cookbook contains a simulation of a dual F antenna for cellular. This antenna has been customized several times by customers, or by us on behalf of customers. The Gillette order button using this base design and described in the book supports NB-IoT, LTE-M and GSM from about 750 MHz with 960 MHz […]
In order to minimize the risk, the developers of IoT devices try to avoid single source components and services. For microcontrollers and radio modules it becomes difficult, but mostly similar components from different manufacturers are used. The LPWAN technology has to be chosen sooner or later. NB-IoT and LTE-M are offered by different network operators […]
There are many places where you can repeatedly read about the mystical range of 15 km at LPWAN. A manufacturer of LPWAN radio transceivers even advertises with 15 miles to 30 miles on its homepage, which would be 24 km to 48 km. Why not 700 km or 4300 km? None of the range specifications […]
In order to understand why more base stations automatically represent a better network, some explanations are necessary. Sigfox has planned 2400 gateways for Germany. These 2400 gateways are confronted with 24,000 LTE base stations from Vodafone and approximately the same amount from Deutsche Telekom. These 48,000 LTE base stations do not all need to be […]
The message container at LPWAN limits the application in the number of possible bytes per transfer. In addition to the physical container, there is always a logical limit. In the European unlicensed band we have one percent duty cycle in the upload. Therefore, only 36 seconds per hour are available for the protocol header and […]
The link budget is the total of all losses and gains from the transmission of a radio wave. A wave is amplified or attenuated by the antenna. During the transmission of a signal between transmitter and receiver, data can be lost. The study of losses and gains is therefore important to calculate the reliability and […]
The link budget (LB) describes the delta of the transmitted and received power at the receiver. If the Maximum Coupling Loss (MCL) is exceeded, reception is no longer possible. For NB-IoT this is 164 dB. At 164 dB LB, the number of frame repetitions is already high. 164 dB can only be achieved in stand-alone […]
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