{"id":8517,"date":"2019-09-20T20:28:22","date_gmt":"2019-09-20T18:28:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.gsm-modem.de\/M2M\/?p=8517"},"modified":"2020-12-28T08:03:11","modified_gmt":"2020-12-28T07:03:11","slug":"gnss-antennas-and-recycling","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.gsm-modem.de\/M2M\/antenna-test\/gnss-antennas-and-recycling\/","title":{"rendered":"GNSS Antennas and Recycling"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"GPS<\/a>

GPS antenna DIY<\/em><\/p><\/div>\n

Everybody talks about protecting the environment and recycling. The nail antenna from the land of poets and thinkers (Germany) follows this trend. We’ve hit the nail on the head with this design.\u00a0 We don’t need a new nail – no we use old, superfluous, rusty nails and recycle them into valuable, perfect GNSS antennas. This nail antenna was tuned without using a Vector Network Analyser (VNA). To adjust the nail antenna you only need a belt grinder. You shorten the nail with the saw to approximately Lambda\/4, check the number of visible GNSS satellites in the NMEA string and then further shorten the nail by grinding it. We do this until we see a maximum number of satellites in the sky. And as you can see, we are saving twice because we use old nails as antennas and save money on the purchase of an expensive VNA. If you don’t have a belt grinder, you are welcome to use a hand file. If you don’t have a hand file, you just ask your friendly neighbour. Everybody who sends me a picture of their nail antenna for GPS, LoRaWAN, Sigfox, Bluetooth, NB-IoT, or LTEM by e-mail up to October 31, 2019, can get a 30% discount on my IoT M2M Cookbook. harald.naumann (at) lte-modem.com<\/p>\n

Kidding aside – Back to real LPWAN and GNSS antennas<\/h2>\n

The antenna above is real. The HW developer has the same MegiQ Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) as me.\u00a0 His VNA is in the laboratory and he wanted to repair the PCB at home. The GPS patch antenna was broken and at home there were only nails and a belt grinder. How a Lambda\/4 antenna works is basic knowledge. From time to time we exchange home made antennas. He constructed an antenna from old nails and\/or metal rod and I constructed one from two two cent coins (total cost therefore 4 euro cent).\u00a0 A nail antenna can be adjusted to SubGHz (LoRaWAN, Sigfox, NB-IoT) and Bluetooth or Wi-Fi .\u00a0 My coin antenna is difficult to impossible to tune for SubGHz.<\/p>\n

Nails or coins – from both you can develop antennas<\/h2>\n

The right conductive structure in the right arrangement always results in an antenna. You only have to know which structure fits which application.<\/p>\n

GNSS DIY Antenna and Receiving<\/h2>\n
\"GPS<\/a>

GPS test app on Android<\/em><\/p><\/div>\n

How many GNSS satellites can be received and which are visible in the sky can be determined by an Android app called GPS-Test. GPS-Test shows us which GNSS satellites the phone is currently receiving and Sat-AR shows us which satellites are where in the sky. The screenshot of GPS-Test shows us 12 satellites in the display window and the scroll bar shows us that more than 12 are being received. GPS-Test shows not only the GPS satellites, but also the Glonass satellites. In the upper left corner of the display window we can see that 20 satellites are visible. On the right we can see that 18 satellites are in use. Below left one sees in which angle the satellites are in the sky. With the Trimble GNSS Planning web page we can see the number of satellites spread over the day. The chart below shows the number of satellites for Neustadt am R\u00fcbenberge near Hannover. In the worst case only 6 American GPS satellites are visible but 10 Chinese Beidou satellites. Besides there are 7 Russian GLONASS satellites and 6 European Galileo satellites.<\/p>\n

\"GNSS<\/a>

GNSS <\/em>Satelittes on <\/em>sky<\/p><\/div>\n

GPS DIY antenna in Smith chart and return loss<\/h2>\n
\"GPS<\/a>

GPS antenna DIY- Smith Chart<\/em><\/p><\/div>\n

\"GPS<\/a>

GPS antenna DIY – Return Loss<\/em><\/p><\/div>\n

The red curves show the antenna not matched to 50 Ohm in the return loss diagram and in the Smith chart. The blue curve shows the attempt to simulate matching. The return loss in the blue curve is better than -35 dB. However, the antenna cannot be adjusted to 50 Ohm and simultaneously pulled to 1575 MHz medium frequency. The 50 ohms are almost reached at 1655 MHz. The frequency is too high and the nail should be a bit longer. The red curve is perfect for this, which was adjusted without VNA. But it also shows that only shortening the antenna without VNA will not achieve the optimum. The blue curve would shift towards the red curve with a slightly longer antenna.<\/p>\n

Anyone who has problems with their antenna or radio can contact us.\u00a0 It does not have to be a nail antenna or a 4 cent antenna. We take care of almost every antenna from 400 MHz to 6000 MHz.<\/p>\n

Extract of wireless IoT related services:<\/h2>\n

\u2013 Matching of the antenna in the device (chip, PCB antenna, helical antenna)
\n\u2013 Guidance on antenna design if undertaken by the client
\n\u2013 Antenna layout of the dual F-antenna on an empty PCB in the customer\u2019s enclosure
\n\u2013 Antenna layout of any other custom PCB antenna: Helix antenna, Flex PCB antenna, Antenna punched from tinplate, Antenna printed on plastic in housing, Antenna on ceramic, Slot antennas and many more techniques
\n\u2013 Antenna with radio module and power supply for extremely low power consumption
\n\u2013 Assisting in the implementation of the antenna or power supply concept in the fully-featured PCB of the customer
\n\u2013 Development of the whole PCB including an antenna with software Development by the customer
\n\u2013 Development of the whole device (HW + SW) following the client\u2019s specifications
\n\u2013 Reference designs with NB-IoT, LTE-M, GSM, GNSS, BLE, Wi-Fi, MCU, sensors, charging electronics for over 20 applications with an open block diagram and the possibility for customers to develop their own code using a free C compiler
\n\u2013 Preliminary measurements and tests required for radio certification
\n\u2013 Radio certification according to RED (CE), FCC and several more standards
\n\u2013 Workshops at the client\u2019s office or via video conference
\n\u2013 Training and seminars on radio technology and radio certification<\/p>\n

We look forward to receiving your inquiry to harald.naumann (at) lte-modem.com and will be pleased to submit a proposal. In most cases the IoT M2M Cookbook or the reference design akorIoT SensPRO is only the beginning. After that there are often follow-up orders for the services mentioned above. \u201cakor\u201d is the ancient Celtic word for \u201copen\u201d and we prefer openness in our concepts, and like to share our knowledge in training and to maintain open communication with our customers.<\/p>\n