{"id":4203,"date":"2013-01-24T10:11:19","date_gmt":"2013-01-24T09:11:19","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.gsm-modem.de\/M2M\/?p=4203"},"modified":"2013-07-19T21:59:30","modified_gmt":"2013-07-19T19:59:30","slug":"nothing-will-interfere-your-embedded-antenna","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.gsm-modem.de\/M2M\/m2m-faq\/nothing-will-interfere-your-embedded-antenna\/","title":{"rendered":"Nothing will interfere your embedded antenna? EA#"},"content":{"rendered":"

Do you plan an M2M device with embedded antennas? You plan your own people, asset or pet tracker? You are aware that metal will short-cut the radio wave and will use a plastic enclosure? Plastic will not interfere? Sorry, but you are wrong. Everything in the near of your antennas will interfere.<\/p>\n

\"Theremin<\/a>

Theremin with its two antennas<\/p><\/div>\n

The best example is the musical instrument called Theremin. The Theremin has two antennas. One is for controlling the loudness and the other is for the pitch. The body of the artist is already a part of the electromagnetic field. The artist has to stand still and only the fingers close to the antennas will be used to change the tone and loudness. Exactly the same will happen with the antennas of your M2M device. The plastic enclosure close to the antennas will interfere, the thickness of the plastic will interfere and even the thickness of the PCB will interfere. The resonate frequency of an antenna tested and tuned in \u00a0free field will jump slightly higher as soon the same antenna will be assembled in a plastic box.\u00a0 Your GPS or 2400 MHz antennas (Bluetooth, WIFI\/WLAN, ZigBee, ANT+) will be detuned. Their resonate frequency in free space is less than the resonate frequency you would like to receive inside the box. The GPS or 2400 MHz antennas often can be ordered in several steps of 2 MHz for away from center frequency 0f the band.
\nWith GSM or other cellular chip antenna this is not possible. This type of antenna will often tuned by components in the matching circuit. You can shift the frequency by selecting and changing the components on the PCB. The exceptions are PCB tracks inside your PCB. Such antennas you can tune by changing the length of the radiator. There are further options for optimisation, but this short article cannot describe all.<\/p>\n

Take care on the thickness of the PCB. 0.8 mm or 1.6 mm are the standard values. If the antenna is tested on 0,8 mm then the effect on 1,6 mm will be the same than plastic enclosure close to the antenna. The resonate frequency will jump.
\nThe Epsilon R of air is 1. The Epsilon R of plastic is in the near or 3 and the Epsilon R of FR4 is nominal 4.2. If the radio wave will move from air in another material, the wavelength will change. The enclosure and the material of the PCB will interfere with the antenna. All other parts close by will interfere as well. Metal in the near will decrease the radio wave and will deform the antenna pattern tested in free field as well. The battery and the display are often big metal parts in a M2M device.
\nWe hope that this few lines will assist you and help you to design a proper working M2M device. If you are still not sure what to do or if you already run in trouble, then it is highly recommended to ask for advice by a third party with skills in radio technology.
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