Bluetooth, WIFI, ZigBee, ANT, and Wireless Hart – all mentioned radio protocols are using the 2400 MHz band Even the GNSS band (GPS, Glonass, Galileo, Beidou, QZSS) have to follow the same specifications, because 1575 MHz to 1610 MHz is not far away from the 2400 MHz band. Chip antennas and PCB antennas can be […]
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Why the embedded chip or patch antennas are resonant on the wrong – to high – frequency? EA#
Your enclosure will interfere with your embedded antenna Just have a closer look on some 2400 MHz chip antennas or GPS patch antennas. Some manufacturers offers the embedded antennas with different resonant frequencies. The resonant frequencies are a little bit higher than the frequency you plan to receive. Why the antennas are resonant on the […]
How to switch between an internal and external cellular or GNSS antenna cheap? EA#
M2M devices in cars and trucks have sometimes a need for two antennas. If the external antenna will be demounted or damaged then the M2M device will switch to the internal antennas. Other reason for two antennas could be that the internal antennas on dashboard works fine, but the M2M device will be mounted on […]
Which GPS antenna shall be used for a tracking device? EA#
How to design an antenna matching circuit? EA#
Antenna impedance matching is an important part of any M2M design. The input impedance of an antenna needs to be close to the impedance of the radio module. If not then the signal will be reflected back to the radio module. The signal will not be radiated by the antenna. Matching circuits often contains several […]
Dos and don’ts during embedded antenna design in EA#
The list is not complete. It should just help to avoid the basic mistakes that other developers with no or less RF skills have done before. Take care on a reasonable ground plane for the monopole antenna and remember that the size of the ground plane is related to the lowest radio frequency that the […]
How to connect your embedded antenna with your wireless module? EA#
Transmission line: The PCB track between GSM module and embedded antenna PCB trace impedance / transmission line calculators If there is no coaxial cable between your antenna and the GSM module then there is often a PCB track. A coaxial cable has an inner conductor, an isolator and a shielding. GSM modules or other wireless […]
Which radio approvels has your M2M device to pass? EA#
The table with radio approvals is not complete. Testing for world region Reference Type of testing Specifiaction Notes Europe R&TTE Directive Article 3.2 Mobile Communication – Radiated Spurious Emission 2G EN 301 511 POS terminal, People tracker, Electricity meter Europe R&TTE Directive Article 3.2 Radio – Radio test EN 300 220 – Transceiver (Tx, Rx […]
How will the ground plane effect your embedded antenna? EA#
The size of the ground plane of your embedded antenna will effect the performance In the introduction it was mentioned that the enclosure and the components close to the embedded antenna like battery or display will interfere. The size of your PCB will have an effect of the performance of your selected embedded antenna as […]
Nothing will interfere your embedded antenna? EA#
Do you plan an M2M device with embedded antennas? You plan your own people, asset or pet tracker? You are aware that metal will short-cut the radio wave and will use a plastic enclosure? Plastic will not interfere? Sorry, but you are wrong. Everything in the near of your antennas will interfere. The best example […]